A test is being arranged. The commentators are sure that it's a test arranged by the sky, and that what it's testing is the power of the beloved's deadly charm to exert its effect at a distance. But it might also be such a test arranged not by the sky but by the beloved herself. Or the beloved might have arranged it to test not her own power, but the lover's devotion and steadfastness. (See 43,2 for one of many examples of the beloved as an arranger of complex or ambiguous tests.) If the beloved is arranging the test, then the lover complains to the sky in its role as a giver of destiny, fate, disasters, etc., and demands to be allowed to participate in the test. In any case, the test involves the power of the beloved's . In a general way this idiom means 'oppression, tyranny' (see the definition above), but literally of course it means 'long-handedness'. (Think not so much of 'high-handedness' as of the 'long reach' through which a powerful person can cause things to happen even at a distance.) And our attention is drawn to the very specific, literal meaning of her long (and deadly) reach, by the injunction 'don't keep me far from her' in the first line. (In fact, we only really-- retrospectively-- understand the injunction in the light of the , and the in the light of the injunction.) But the verse is also a display of the multi-faceted possibilities of the innocent-looking little word . Here are some of the readings that can generate: ='I am not the only one' (1a)-- that is, the speaker is not the only one who is available or suitable for the test described in the second line. As Bekhud Mohani points out, this claim could be a way for the speaker to seek to avoid the test, on the grounds that lots of others are available instead, and he wants to avoid the ordeal of being far from the beloved. ='I alone am not the one' (1b)-- that is, everybody else is available and/or suitable for the test, and the speaker alone is not, so he doesn't need to be kept in readiness for it. ='emphatically/particularly I am not one' (1c)-- that is, regardless of who else may or may not be available and/or suitable for the test, the speaker is definitely not, so he shouldn't be bothered with it. Why is the lover so eager to avoid the test, or so particularly or uniquely unsuitable for it? Perhaps he's passed it already, countless times, and already has the beloved's seal of approval. Perhaps he's so weakened by passion that he would collapse before the test even got fairly under way. Perhaps the nature of the test, since it requires him to remain at a distance from her, is just too excruciating to even consider. Perhaps he and the beloved contemplate other tests for him-- ones that involve nearness instead of distance, or ones that might have nothing to do with geography. Or perhaps the lover is just speaking with rueful humor: he doesn't want to incur her wrath by seeming to avoid her-- he doesn't want to be the one she tests her 'long-handedness' on! As usual, we're left to figure this sort of thing out for ourselves. And thanks to the good (?) offices of and , the process of thinking and rethinking is potentially endless. graphics/longreach.jpg