Verse 81821aabaa;Ndhte hai;N
G11
In this meter the first long syllable may be replaced by a short; and the next-to-last long syllable may be replaced by two shorts.
1
artless-skilful are the lovely ones, Ghalib
2
they make/'bind' promises of faithfulness-- to us!
'Plain, unadorned; ... pure, unmixed, simple; ... candid, sincere, artless, guileless, open, frank'.
'Skilful, efficient, full of workmanship, well-executed'.
| References | |
|---|---|
| Arshi, Imtiyaz Ali | Ghazal# 92 |
| Raza, Kalidas Gupta | 335 |
| Nuskhah-e-Hamidiyah | 159 |
| Asi, Abdul Bari | 166-167 |
| Gyan Chand | 269-270 |
| Hamid Ali Khan | Open Image |
ought to be read in a special tone, which will give rise to the meaning, 'not somebody else, but us'. And this is the reason for saying 'artless', that they think [] that we will be taken in by their deceit. And he's said 'skilful' because they seek to create a deceit. is the plural of , and nowadays in Urdu to make the plural of every word with is not proper. In this connection, it is very prominent in the idiom of the Dakan, and these people make the plural of every word in this way. (113-14)
== Nazm page 113 ; Nazm page 114
The word ought to be read with emphasis-- that is, they deceive us, not somebody else! He says, this is there foolishness, that they think [] that we will be taken in by their deceit. (164)
At the same time how simple, and how tricky, the beautiful ones are, that they make promises of faithfulness to one as experienced as we! (216)
../apparatus/txt_sets.html Perhaps, as the commentators generally agree, the beautiful ones may be 'artless' because they think their 'skilful' tricks (of falsely promising faithfulness) will work on the likes of the speaker, the veteran lover.
But equally possibly, the beautiful ones may be 'skilful' because they pretend to be 'artless' in promising the lover faithfulness. Perhaps they are clever because they don't really expect him to believe them, but they know that they must keep up appearances, so they will thus effectively put him off for the present. Or perhaps they are clever because they know he will believe them-- their making promises of faithfulness 'to us' can just as well be a sign of cleverness as of simplicity, since the verse gives us no way of deciding.
Are they skilful in their artlessness, or artless in their skilfulness? Are they simple in their cleverness, or clever in their simplicity? Or clever in their (show of) 'simplicity', or simple in their (show of) 'cleverness'? We can't tell from the verse itself how many levels of (accidental or deliberate) fakery and (self-)deception are involved. After enough zigzagging back and forth, our heads begin to spin.
Similarly, the commentators are convinced, following Nazm, that the emphasis in the second line must be on 'to us'. But this is because they all recognize only one reading. The emphasis could equally well fall on 'promises' (promises that the lover does, or doesn't, know that they won't fulfill); or on 'faithfulness' (a quality that he does, or doesn't, know that they entirely lack).
For an even more complex exploration of , see 4,4 .
graphics/promises.jpg