Verse 1after 1821ardthaa


G3

1
he died in the [initial] threatening-- he who was not a gateway/subject of battle
2
Passion, a professional at battle, was a seeker of men/heroes

'Threatening, threat, menace, reprimand, snubbing'.
'Door, gate; chapter, section, division (of a book), head, heading; subject, affair, business, topic, matter'.
'Battle, engagement, war, contest'.
'A man; a male; a husband; —a brave or valiant man, a hero'.

References
Arshi, Imtiyaz Ali Ghazal# 33
Raza, Kalidas Gupta 354
Hamid Ali Khan Open Image

Only the most seasoned and practiced warrior-heroes have the honor of grappling directly with Passion itself; the combat is so terrifying that lesser mortals die in the preliminaries, from the mere exchange of threats. A bout of boasting about yourself (and your ancestry, etc.) and sneering at your opponent used to be a standard prologue to any episode of single combat; the dastan world is full of examples. Surely Ghalib was intrigued by the interplay between and , which goes deeper than mere rhyme. Otherwise, I can't see what else is going on here. Another meditation on : 167,8 . For more examples of , see 15,7 and 15,13 . 'Gateway' is not an ideal translation for , nor is 'subject', but it's hard to think of anything better (see the definition above). In fact in the context of the first line, is such a piquant word that it's easy to see how it might have appealed to Ghalib. graphics/facemask.jpg