Verse 81821aa;Nsamjhaa


G5

In this meter the first long syllable may be replaced by a short; and the next-to-last long syllable may be replaced by two shorts.


1
why did you give your heart, considering her faithful, Asad ?
2
you made an error, in that you considered an infidel [to be] a Muslim

'Infidel, impious; ungrateful; — one denying God, an infidel, an impious wretch; — a Caffre; (met.) a mistress, sweetheart'.

References
Arshi, Imtiyaz Ali Ghazal# 13
Raza, Kalidas Gupta 325
Nuskhah-e-Hamidiyah 56-57
Gyan Chand 91
Hamid Ali Khan Open Image

Nazm points out the subliminal evocation of the phrase, , 'heart and life' (a petrified phrase like 'heart and soul' in English), at the beginning of the first line. The audience might well expect a parallel construction: , or the like. Only in retrospect is it possible to pick up the correct sense of . The verb , although it's usually translated 'to know', can also be used for erroneous beliefs; on this see 16,5 . Similarly, the verb can mean not only 'to understand' (accurately), but also 'to consider' (subjectively, perhaps inaccurately); on this see 90,3 . And Baqir explains the 'misdirection' involved in . We expect that it will be an affectionate, teasing epithet for the beloved. Only at the end of the line, when we see it contrasted with , do we realize it's meant literally. Except, of course, that it still is an epithet for the beloved, both metaphorically and really; since in this verse the distinguishing mark of a is the faithfulness that she so clearly doesn't show, the two meanings can't entirely be disentangled. This is another verse that would be hard to interpret as applying to a divine beloved; for more examples see 20,3 . graphics/betrayal.jpg