Verse 3x1816aadahse


G1

1
I see, through the wildness/madness of ardor that is bent upon turmoil
2
an omen/augury of disgrace, from the tears of the head that is given over to the desert

'An omen, augury, presage'.
'Given, bestowed, imparted; —having given (used chiefly in comp., e.g. , 'heat-imparted,' inflamed)'.

References
Arshi, Imtiyaz Ali Ghazal# 175
Raza, Kalidas Gupta 249
Nuskhah-e-Hamidiyah 263
Asi, Abdul Bari 267
Gyan Chand 390-391
Hamid Ali Khan Open Image

For background see S. R. Faruqi's choices . For more on Ghalib's unpublished verses, see the discussion in 4,8x . This opening-verse is the first of three verses in this ghazal that use the same rhyme -word: it is joined by 223,4x and 223,5x (though in the original ghazal they were not all sequential). It's not so unusual for Ghalib to use the same rhyme-word twice in a ghazal, but three times is extraordinary. There's got to be some kind of wordplay and meaning-play going on here with the idea of the tears and the desert (compare the brilliant 17,2 ). Is it that the 'head that has been given over to the (dry) desert' is, paradoxically, the source of the (wet) tears? In any case, as Gyan Chand points out, to be 'given over to' the desert means to be intent upon it, focused on it. Could there have been some kind of divination that involved tears? Or if we redo the groupings, is it that the tears themselves are described as having 'heads that have been given over to the desert'? The groupings are also flexible in the first line (is it the 'wildness of ardor' that has 'come into turmoil', or is it the 'wildness' of 'ardor that has come into turmoil?), but there it doesn't seem to make any appreciable difference. If it's the tears that have given themselves over to the desert, is that a form of death-wish? There may be something specific about the process of taking omens [] that Ghalib meant to evoke. If so, knowledge of it was apparently gone before the commentarial tradition began. graphics/deserttears.jpg