Verse 3x1816aa((


G1

1
in the four-directions of the world, the market of/for heedlessness is 'hot'
2
from the loss/harm of intellect arises the thought of profit/benefit

'A quadrangle; a square; a court-yard; an open place in a town where the market is held (and where also the chief of the police-office is stationed); a daily market; the main street or central thoroughfare of a city'.
'Unmindfulness, forgetfulness, neglectfulness, negligence, neglect, inattention, heedlessness, inadvertence, remissness, carelessness'.
'Intelligence, wisdom, sense, understanding, intellect, mind, reason, knowledge'.
'Defect; deficiency; loss; waste; detriment, injury, harm, damage; blemish; prejudice; mischief'.
'Being benefited, deriving advantage; profit, advantage'.

References
Arshi, Imtiyaz Ali Ghazal# 74
Raza, Kalidas Gupta 191
Nuskhah-e-Hamidiyah 122
Asi, Abdul Bari 138-139
Gyan Chand 231-232
Hamid Ali Khan Open Image

For background see S. R. Faruqi's choices . This verse is NOT one of his choices; I thought it was interesting and have added it myself. For more on Ghalib's unpublished verses, see the discussion in 4,8x . I was wondering why there were only 'four directions' here, when Ghalib usually likes to have six (by including up and down), as for example in 41,4 . But then Zamin helpfully identified the (Persian) 'four directions' as (see the definition above). Many North Indian cities have a market called Chauk, based on the idea of four corners and/or a crossroads, which can also suggest a kind of 'main street' market. The verse makes a truly enjoyable use of constructions (and the ). First of all, what happens in a , a market 'of' heedlessness? Is 'heedlessness' a form of merchandise? Is it a characteristic of the merchants? Or is it like a dark cloud that envelops the whole area and everything that happens there? And then, there are several ways-- all of them bleak-- to read the second line: =Because people have suffered a loss of intellect, they heedlessly think they are acting profitably when they are not. =Only because of a loss of intellect do people think there even exists such a thing as 'profit'; this is their heedlessness. =Because of the harm done by intellect/knowledge (as in the bitter 201,8 ), people decide they would be better off with heedlessness. graphics/bazaar.jpg